Flying machine



F. W. BUDIG.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED .IUNE I6, 1921.

IL ,IL-IL 994ML?? U Patented June I3, 11922.

Ev/venan [vented certain new and Maaate-a'. y

To rrZZ whom t may conc'elmr.

Be it known that l, FRIEDRICH WLHEL'M Speclcation of Letters Patent.

Patented tune '313,' 11922. application alec aan@ 19,1921. semaine.Marat.

y Parallel thebody2, and having the same breadth as this body, is animmovable BUD'IG, citizen of the'State of Frussiaresid -plate 4, vto therearedgeof which Vis-'hing'ed ing V at Falkenberg-Grunau, near Berlin,1h the horizontal rudder 5 for/A altitudesteerthe 'iState ofl'lPrussiaGermany," have `inuse ful' Improvements in Flying Machines (for vwhichll have filed applications in France Aug. l1 1914, and in @many Jan. 29,1920, and NQv 20,1920),

rllhis invention relates to a-steadying de- ,vicel lt consists in thecombination of the y' 'supporting planes proper with anautomatically"`adjustable steadying plane. This latter plane isrotatably supported u pon an axle supported in its turn bythe flying ma-I chine, and it. forms, together with an '1mil movable surfacetwithwhich it is connected,

preferably by bellows, ahollow space within which' a depression may beproduced in `known manner by the-mediation of av feeler surface. Thesteadying plane is adjusted to various inclinations by that depression,lcontrary to the actionv of a spring. lBes1des these arrangements, otherones also 'forming parts of they present invention relateto means forcorrectly adjusting thesteadying plane, as is particularly necessary forsoaring flying apparatus.

. Referring to the accompanying-drawing,

' Figure 1 is a vertical section through a motorless flying machineprovided'with the novel device in question, this llatter beingshown'in'the position it occupies at too slow 'liight; -Figure 2 is aside-view of the machine, only some upper parts (2, 5, 14) and a lowerpart (9) being shown in section,

and the position of the automatic steadying device being'that which itoccupies at normal. speed;v Figure 3 is a diagrammatical illustrationofthe succession of the s wing motions of the machine if' dying insoaringy manner; and Figure i is a side-view of a i is hinged to ahorizontal axle 1 soaring Hying machine having a small auxiliary motor.The upper body 2 of the steadging plane rmly supported bv the frame ofthe flying machine.

iiixed to said body 2 is a counterpoise i3,

the varrangement being such that the total centre of gravity of thepoise and the body 2 is located 'above-the common axis of rotation sothat in the .case of changes of the speed of the flying machine the lawof inertia initiates a favorable swinging or turn of the upper body 2.

ng. rllhe body 2 andthe ing f or enclosingv a cham er 7 whichvcommunlcates by a channel, or passage 8 with the hollow feeler plane .9which. has the shape of an invertedv supportingplane and t plate et: arecon- -nected -wlth each other b .bellows 6 form'- lows counteractsthesp'ring, is that shown in Figure 1.

rlhe bellows communicates with the atmosphere l(not only'through thechannel 8, 'but also through an aperture 12 which is at the front of themachine and constantly open. 'llhe sectional 'area of the aperture -12is smaller than that of the slot 10. 'llhe supply of air through theaperture 12 does .not materially affect the degree of rarefaction inthe'bellows as long as the air entering through that aperturev flows 0Hthrough saidslot, as is the case during dying with normal speed. But ifthe vspeed decreases, the body 2 can rise, under the pressure of thespring 1-1., far more quickly than would be the case if no supply of airthrough the aperture 12 would take place, because, as is known byexperience, air, even at a reduced speed, can enter only with greatdifficulty through the slot 10 into the bellows.

' In order to accelerate the swinging movement ofthe body 2 in thedirection to the plate 4 at an increase of the speed of flight,

the space 7 is connected by one or more a1rchannels 13 provided in rigidparts ofthe structure preferably tubes, and forming a kind of girderwith the spaces vof hollow bodies 14 united with the main supportingplanes. carry` the above described combination and arrangement of partsand serve also for fastening the meansprovided forthe landing. Thehollow body- 14 forms a rigid piece for and of the supporting plane andits front portion the blowing-at edge of said plane. `'llhe supportingwall of that body lll'difers from an ordinary hollow supporting planechiefly by a slot 15, which is provided in the lower surface of theprojecting front part of the body 14C, similarly to the slot 10, andthelength of which is about onev fourth of the length of the slot 10,provided, that the machine has anaperture such as 12. By measurementsitis known that at that place of the supporting frame profile where theslot 15 is located a strong depression 1s produced at quick flight. Thisobservation confirms that at slow flight the slot 15 assists the actionof the aperture 12, and at quick ight assists the action of the slot 10.Thus, if the angle of incidence at which the flight takes place isreduced, then, by the addition of the slot length 15 with the slotlength 10, a certain definite amount of air to be sucked out of thebellows space 7 is exhausted more quickly and the body 2 movescorrespondingly quicker in the directlon of the plate 4; that could notbe the case without the slot l15.

The manner in which the body 2 is turned in the one or the otherdirection will become clear from a description dealing with iiyin insoaringmanner, as follows: i

upposing' the m-achine be soaring motionless in a constant head-windunder a large angle f incidence. fn this case the lifting power R actsat the maln supportlng plane, and the lifting power X` acts at thesteadying surface. rllhe lifting power of theI horizontal rudder 5 whichlatter is controlled by the hand of the pilot, and the buoyancy of thestationary` plate 4 may be neglected in these considerations becausesaid two iniuences approximately compensate the downwardly directedpower of the receptacle 9. Besides the lifting power X, also the powerof the spring 11 acts upon the boy 2, in the 'same direction as saidpower and, furthermore, also the suction power Z which is produced inthe space 7 by the depression and acts in the opposite direction.rlfhese three powers balance each other at normal flight and determinethe profile of the steadying surface, as illustrated in Figure 2.

Now, if the wlnd relatively to the flying machine, suddenly growsstronger owing to a Asquall or gust, then also the powers X and Rincrease at the same time. Although also the suction power at the slot1() becomes greater at the same time, still, the power Z does notimmediately vary because the amount of air to be led away is increased-b the supply of air taking place through t e apertures 12 and 15.

Besides, the increased suction power at the slot l10 which tends toincrease the power Z is opposed by three other powers. Firstly, theincreased lifting power X tends to turn the body 2 upwards which is madepossible only by air entering through the apertures 12 and 15. Secondly,the fiying Amachine is, at the commencement of the squall or gust, atfirst shoved backward by reason of the inlener additional resistance, inconsequence of lwhich the high-lying center of gravity of the body 2 andthe poise 3 swing forward by reason of their inertia; thirdly, thislatter A. sudden increase of the lifting power X by an outer wind powercauses, thus, the

body 2 to swing upwards, whereby the additional buoyancy at the front ofthe ma.- chine is made ineffective. 4

Matters are different with the rigid main supporting surface at whichthe power R has been increased. rlFhe diagram of forces (Figure 3) showsthat the front 'of the machine has remained at the point C, owing to theannihilation of the addition to the power X, whereas the main supportingplane ascends from A to B. rllhe swinging motion in forward directionoccurring at the rear part of the machine being lifted entails forwarddrive,'whereby the-speed of the machine is increased and, also avariation in the play of forces at the steadying devicer is broughtabout.

As the angle vof incidence at the main supporting plane has becomesmaller byvreason of the additional upward motion, suction takes placeat the slot 15, and as also the opposing forces that acted upon the body2 d o no more exist, this latter is turned in the direction of the plate4 whereby -the buoyancy at the front of the machine is increased andthis latter rises from the position C to the position D.

'From both successively occurring motions of the flying machine resultsthat this latter is rising for the height H without a loss of speed. l

In the practical application of .the arrangement lin questionv a greatermeasure than the length C-'-A which is chosen only by way of examplewill be given the radius by only partially annihilating, bythe meansstated, the power increased by the Squall or gust.

Owing to its dimension, the rear rim of the movable body 2 forms for thepilot a readily visible indicator of the conditions of motions of theflying machine. The pilot may at his discretion either promote theindications of the rear rim or edge of the body 2 by appropriatelyoperating the horizontal rudder or oppose them, also by appropriatelyactuating said rudder, for instance at landmg.

The flying machines with but slight load per'unit of surface are easilyoverturned by wind after the landing. The soaring flying machines shownin Figure 4 is so constructed that the wind cannot lift its front partolf the ground because an aperture is provided which is kept closedduring the flight by a flap 16, but permits of a large supply Aofoscillation; that may be easily attained of air through the channel 17if it is open, so that the steadying plane is ensured against beingdrawn against the plate 4.

Having now described my invention, what 1 desire to secure by a patentof the United States is: v

1. A flying machine, comprising, in Acombination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; a stationary platearranged behind and below said body; pliable means 'connecting saidplate and the said body and forming a hollow space together with them;and means for producing a depression within said space.

2. A flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; bellowsarrangedbehind and below said body and connecting it with the flying machine;and means for pro-ducing a depression within said bellows.

3. A flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formin saidaxis and being supported by the flying machine; a stationary platearranged behind and below said body; pliable means connecting said plateand the said body and forming a hollow space together with them; meansfor producing a depression within said space; and an aperture throughwhich lthe said space constantly' communicates with the atmosphere.

4. A- flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a' horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; bellows arrangedbehind and below said body and connecting it with the flying machine;means for producing a depression within said bellows; and an aperturethrough which the said bellows constantly communicate with theatmosphere.

5. A flying machine, comprising, in combination, 4a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; a stationary platearranged behind and below said body; pliable means connecting said plateand the said body and forming a hollow space together with them.; anaperture through which the sai-d space constantly communicates with theatmosphere and air receptacles arranged behind said space andcommunicating with it and extending in the longitudinal direction of themachine.

6. A flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; bellows arrangedbehind and below said body and connecting it with the flying machine;means for producing a depression within said bellows; an aperturethrough whichnthe said bellows constantly communicate with theatmosphere; and air receptacles arranged behind said space andcommunicating with it and extending in the longitudinal direction of themachine.

7. A flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; a stationary platearranged behind and below said body; pliable means connecting said plateand the said body and forming a hollow space together with them; meansfor producing a depression within said space; and a counterpoise soarranged as to have the common center of gravity of the said body andsaid counterpoise lie vertically above said axle.

SuA flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying body adaptedto swing around a horizontal axis;.a horizontal axle forming said axisand being supported by the flying machine; ellows arranged behind andbelow said Pzdy and connecting it with the flying mach ne; means forproducing a depression within said bellows; and a counterpoise soarranged as to have the common center of gravity of the said body andsaid counterpoise lie vertically above said axle.

9. A flying machine, comprising, in comi bination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; a stationary platearranged behind and below said body; pliable means connecting said plateand the said body and forming a hollow space together with them; and twodifferently shaped hollow bodies, of which the one is located below thesaid body and the other behind it, substantially as described and shown.

10. A flying machine, comprising, in combination, a steadying bodyadapted to swing around a horizontal axis; a horizontal axle formingsaid axis and being supported by the flying machine; bellows arrangedbehind and below said body and connecting it with the flying machine;and two differently shaped hollow bodies, of which the one is locatedbelow the said body and the other behind it, substantially as vdescribedand shown. Y

In testimony whereof ll have affixed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

FRIEDRICH WILHELM BUDIG.

Witnesses:

FRANGE SURNAM, EMIL Von.

